Global (Re-)Production Networks from a Feminist Labour Geography Perspective
The Lives and Everyday Struggles of Cambodian Garment Workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v54i214.2101Keywords:
Cambodia, Feminist Labour Geography, Garment Industry, Global (Re-)Production Networks, Social ReproductionAbstract
To understand the everyday realities and struggles of workers in global production processes such as the garment industry, the theoretical framework must fully grasp the capitalist totality in which workers exist. Global Production Networks (GPNs) such as the garment industry need to be reconceptualized as Global (Re-)Production Networks (GRPNs) in order to systematically incorporate the gendered and racialized side of social reproduction processes into an analysis of global productions. Following a feminist Labour Geography of GRPNs, a participatory research project with women workers in Cambodian garment factories shows that workers are embedded in highly interwoven spatial processes of (re-)production that has to be considered in relation to each other.
Downloads
References
Arnold, Dennis (2021): Cambodia’s Garment Sector in Transformation. Report. Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR).
– / Han Shih, Toh (2010): A Fair Model of Globalisation? Labour and Global Production in Cambodia. Journal of Contemporary Asia 40(3): 401-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00472331003798376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00472331003798376
Barrientos, Stephanie (2013): Gender Production Networks: Sustaining Cocoa-Chocolate Sourcing in Ghana and India. In: Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper (186). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2278193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2278193
– (2019): Gender and Work in Global Value Chains. Cambridge.
Bhattacharya, Tithi (2017): Social reproduction theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression. London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1vz494j. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1vz494j
Brehm, Will C. (2017): The Contemporary Landscape of Education in Cambodia: Hybrid Spaces of the »Public« and »Private«. In: Katherine Brickell / Simon Springer (Hg.): The handbook of contemporary Cambodia. New York: 271-282.
CATU (Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions) (2019): Feminised Migration and Deteriorating Conditions of Employment in the Garment Industry in Cambodia: Perspectives of workers organised by CATU. Research Report. Cambodia: CATU and Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women.
Coe, Neil. M. / Peter Dicken / Hess, Martin (2008): Global production networks: Realizing the potential. Journal of Economic Geography 8(3): 271-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn002
Coe, Neil. M. / Wai-Chung Yeung, Henry (2015): Global Production Networks: Theorizing Economic Development in an Interconnected World. Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703907.001.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703907.001.0001
– (2019): Global production networks: mapping recent conceptual developments. Journal of Economic Geography 19(4): 775-801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz018
Cramb, Rob (2020): White Gold: The Commercialization of Rice Farming in the Lower Mekong Basin. Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0998-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0998-8
Derks, Annuska (2008): Khmer Women on the Move: Exploring Work and Life in Urban Cambodia. Hawaii. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824831288.001.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824831288.001.0001
Doutch, Michaela (2021): A gendered labour geography perspective on the Cambodian garment workers’ general strike of 2013/2014. In: Globalizations18(8): 1406-1419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2021.1877007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2021.1877007
– (2022): Women workers in the garment factories of Cambodia. A feminist labour geography of global (re)production networks. Berlin: regiospectra.
Dutta, Madhumita (2020): Workplace, emotional bonds and agency: Everyday gendered experiences of work in an export processing zone in Tamil Nadu, India. In: Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52(7): 1357-1374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X20904076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X20904076
Dunaway, Wilma A. (2014): Gendered Commodity Chains: Seeing Women’s Work and Households in Global Production. Stanford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804788960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804788960
Elson, Diane / Pearson, Ruth (1981): ›Nimble Fingers Make Cheap Workers‹: An Analysis of Women’s Employment in Third World Export Manufacturing. In: Feminist Review 7(1): 87-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/fr.1981.6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/fr.1981.6
Federici, Silvia (2004): Caliban and the witch. New York.
Ferguson, Susan (2020): Women and Work: Feminism, Labour and Social Reproduction. London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs09qm0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs09qm0
Fischer, Karin / Boatca, Manuela / Hauck, Gerhard (2015): Was ist Entwicklungsforschung? In: Boatca, Manuela / Fischer, Karin / Hauck, Gerhard (Hg.): Handbuch Entwicklungsforschung. Wiesbaden: 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05675-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05675-9_1-1
Folbre, Nancy (2018): Developing Care: Recent Research on the Care Economy and Economic Development (Research Report) Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre.
Fröbel, Folker / Heinrichs, Jürgen / Kreye, Otto (1977): Die neue internationale Arbeitsteilung: Strukturelle Arbeitslosigkeit in den Industrieländern und die Industrialisierung der Entwicklungsländer. Reinbek bei Hamburg.
Gereffi, Gary / Miguel Korzeniewicz, Miguel (1994): Commodity chains and global capitalism. Westport, Connecticut.
Gereffi, Gary / Humphrey, John / Sturgeon, Timothy (2005): The governance of global value chains. In: Review of International Political Economy 12(1): 78-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805
Herod, Andrew (1997): From a Geography of Labor to a Labor Geography: Labor's Spatial Fix and the Geography of Capitalism. In: Antipode 29(1): 1-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00033
– (2001): Labor geographies: Workers and the landscapes of capitalism. New York.
Hopkins, Terence K. / Wallerstein, Immanuel (1977): Patterns of development of the modern world-system. In: Review: A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems and Civilizations 7(1): 111-145.
Katz, Cindi (2001): Vagabond Capitalism and the Necessity of Social Reproduction. Antipode 33(4): 709-728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00207
– (2011): Accumulation, Excess, Childhood: Toward a Countertopography of Risk and Waste. In: Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica 57(1): 47-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.806. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.806
Kelly, Philip F. (2009): From Global Production Networks to Global Reproduction Networks: Households, Migration, and Regional Development in Cavite, the Philippines. In: Regional Studies 43(3): 449-461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400902777075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400902777075
Laslett, Babara / Brenner, Johanna (1989): Gender and social reproduction: Historical perspectives. In: Annual Review of Sociology 15: 381-404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.15.080189.002121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.15.080189.002121
Lawreniuk, Sabina (2017): The Ties that Bind: Rural-Urban Linkages in the Cambodian Migration System. In: Brickell, Katherine / Springer, Simon (Hg.): The handbook of contemporary Cambodia. London: 202-211.
– / Parsons, Laurie (2017): Mother, grandmother, migrant: Elder translocality and the renegotiation of household roles in Cambodia. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49(7): 1664-1683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17704197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17704197
Lilja, Mona / Baaz, Mikael (2017): Gendered Politics of Power in Contemporary Cambodia. Brickell, Katherine/Springer, Simon (Hg.): The handbook of contemporary Cambodia. London: 306-314.
Marschke, Melissa (2017): Exploring Rural Livelihoods through the Lens of Coastal Fishers. In: Brickell, Katherine / Springer, Simon (Hg.): The handbook of contemporary Cambodia. London: 101-110.
MEW – Marx, Karl / Engels, Friedrich: Marx-Engels-Werke. Berlin 1956ff.
Ong, Aihwa (1987): Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline: Factory Women in Malaysia. Albany.
Ovesen, Jan / Trankell, Ing-Britt (2017): Health: Medical Cosmologies and Medical Inequities. In: Brickell, Katherine / Springer, Simon (Hg.): The handbook of contemporary Cambodia. London: 283-293.
– / Öjendal, Joakim (1996): When every household is an island: Social organization and power structures in rural Cambodia. Uppsala.
Rainnie, Al / Herod, Andrew / McGrath-Camp (2013): Global production networks, labour & small firms. In: Capital and Class 37(2): 177-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816813481337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816813481337
Ramamurthy, Priti (2000): The Cotton Commodity Chain, Women, Work and Agency in India and Japan: The Case for Feminist Agro-Food Systems Research. In: World Development 28(3): 551-578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00137-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00137-0
Richmond, Oliver P. / Jason Franks (2007): Liberal Hubris? Virtual Peace in Cambodia. In: Security Dialogue 38(1): 27-48. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010607075971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010607075971
Selwyn, Ben (2013): Social Upgrading and Labour in Global Production Networks: A Critique and an Alternative Conception. In: Competition & Change 17(1): 75-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1024529412Z.00000000026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1024529412Z.00000000026
Staritz, Cornelia (2011): Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and Post-Crisis World. Washington, DC. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8636-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8636-1
Strauss, Kendra (2018): Labour geography 1: Towards a geography of precarity? Progress in Human Geography 42(4): 622-630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517717786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517717786
Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice (1974): Capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century: An introduction. New York.
Wichterich, Christa (2019): Care Extractivism and the Reconfiguration of Social Reproduction in Post-Fordist Economies. ICDD Working Papers (25). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202008051533.
Wolf, Diane Lauren (1994): Factory Daughters: Gender, Household Dynamics, and Rural Industrialization in Java. Berkeley. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520915046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520915046
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
